Why Decriminalisation?

Every sex worker-led organisation in the UK is calling for the full decriminalisation of sex work: a legal model which decriminalises the sex worker, the client, and third parties such as managers, drivers, and landlords.

Decriminalisation means that sex workers are able to work without threat of criminal sanctions. Criminal and administrative penalties on prostitution are repealed. Sex workers’ workplaces are regulated through employment law, enabling workers to hold their bosses to account and form trade unions.

Decriminalisation means that sex workers can work where and with whom they choose, without interference from the police, unless workers choose to call them for help. Decriminalisation allows workers to access labour law to secure their rights, improve their working conditions, and tackle exploitation and harassment. Trafficking, exploitation, coercion and violence remain illegal under full decriminalisation.

Full decriminalisation is a necessary first step on the road to keeping sex workers safe. Sex workers also demand stronger anti-poverty measures from the Scottish government, to ensure that no one is forced to resort to sex work if they don’t want to. The Hookers Against Hardship campaign makes demands to address this crisis, including: universal access to benefits at a living wage level, rent controls, an end to benefit sanctions, and ending the ‘no recourse to public funds’ condition for migrants.

What does the evidence say about full decriminalisation?

Decriminalisation has been implemented in a number of Australian states over the past three decades, in New Zealand in 2003, and in Belgium in 2023. 

The New Zealand Prostitutes Collective has reported an overall increase in safety since decriminalisation, as workers feel more able to refuse risky clients, to report violence from clients, and to access healthcare.

Violence against women who are street based sex workers appears to have decreased significantly after decriminalisation. Similar reductions in adverse experiences occurred for indoor workers.

Relationships with the police have shifted from a position of being combative to more collaborative since decriminalisation.

Sex workers have felt more able to disclose their occupation to their GP.

Discrimination and stigma towards sex workers has reduced significantly.

Public Opinion on Sex Work in Scotland

In May 2024, Scottish voters rejected the Scottish Government’s plans to criminalise the purchase of sex in a major blow to the SNP’s plans to introduce the so-called “Nordic Model” in Scotland.

A YouGov poll of 1,088 Scottish adults, carried out for National Ugly Mugs (NUM), shows that Scots firmly oppose the SNP’s controversial sex work policy agenda, including its foundational principle that sex work always equates to violence against women – which is supported by only 13% of adults in Scotland.

47% think it should be legal for a person to pay someone to have sex with them, versus 32% who think it should not be legal.

69% say the Scottish Government should focus on protecting the health and safety of sex workers, and providing support to people who want to leave the industry.

62% oppose the Scottish Government’s declaration that sex work always equals violence against women, with only 13% supporting this idea.

63% say they would prefer sex workers to look for business online, versus 2% who would prefer them to look for business on the street.

45% think that two sex workers should be allowed to work together in the same premises – under the current legal position, both can be charged for exploiting each other under brothel-keeping legislation – versus 24% who disagree.

Which organisations support the full decriminalisation of sex work?

The World Health Organisation

Amnesty International

Human Rights Watch

UNAIDS

STOPAIDS

Liberty

Freedom United

JCWI

The UN Working Group on Discrimination against Women and Girls

The Global Alliance against Traffic in Women

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